AI Benchmarks & Metrics

Understanding how AI models are evaluated, compared, and ranked. From standardized tests to human preference ratings.

Standard Benchmarks

These benchmarks test specific capabilities like reasoning, coding, math, and knowledge. Top models in 2025 are approaching or exceeding human-level performance on many of these tests.

📚Knowledge

MMLU

Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Tests knowledge across 57 subjects including mathematics, history, law, medicine, and science. Evaluates both factual knowledge and contextual application.

Top Model Score90%+
🧠Reasoning

HellaSwag

Harder Endings, Longer contexts, and Low-shot Activities

Evaluates common-sense reasoning through sentence completion. Uses adversarial filtering to create deceptive wrong answers that test true understanding.

Top Model Score95%+
💻Coding

HumanEval

OpenAI Human Evaluation

164 programming problems where models must generate Python function bodies. Success is measured by passing all unit tests for each problem.

Top Model Score90%+
🔬Reasoning

ARC

AI2 Reasoning Challenge

Complex, multi-part science questions at grade-school level. Tests both comprehensive knowledge and advanced reasoning abilities beyond simple fact retrieval.

Top Model Score95%+
🔢Math

GSM8K

Grade School Math 8K

8,500 grade school math word problems requiring multi-step reasoning. Tests mathematical problem-solving and chain-of-thought reasoning.

Top Model Score95%+
📐Math

MATH

Mathematics Aptitude Test of Heuristics

12,500 challenging competition mathematics problems. Covers algebra, geometry, number theory, counting, and probability at high school competition level.

Top Model Score70%+
Safety

TruthfulQA

Truthful Question Answering

Tests whether models generate truthful answers and avoid common misconceptions. Measures resistance to generating false but plausible-sounding information.

Top Model Score70%+
🎯Reasoning

Winogrande

Winograd Schema Challenge at Scale

44,000 pronoun resolution problems requiring common-sense reasoning. Tests understanding of context and world knowledge.

Top Model Score85%+
🎓Expert

GPQA

Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A

Expert-level questions in biology, physics, and chemistry. Designed to be difficult even for domain experts and resistant to simple search.

Top Model Score60%+
💬Conversation

MT-Bench

Multi-Turn Benchmark

Evaluates multi-turn conversational abilities. Tests coherence, instruction following, and maintaining context across dialogue turns.

Top Model Score9.5/10
🐍Coding

MBPP

Mostly Basic Python Programming

974 programming tasks designed to be solvable by entry-level programmers. Complements HumanEval for broader code generation assessment.

Top Model Score85%+
🏋️Reasoning

BBH

BIG-Bench Hard

23 challenging tasks from BIG-Bench where language models previously performed below average human-rater performance.

Top Model Score85%+

ELO Ratings & Arena Rankings

Beyond standardized tests, human preference ratings provide real-world performance insights. The ELO system, borrowed from chess, ranks models based on head-to-head comparisons.

Chatbot Arena (LMSYS)

A crowdsourced, randomized battle platform where users chat with two anonymous models side-by-side and vote for the better one. Over 5M+ user votes are used to compute ELO ratings.

Methodology

Uses Bradley-Terry model and ELO rating system. Models gain points for wins and lose points for losses. The difference between two models' ELO scores indicates relative performance.

Understanding ELO Scores

1300+
Exceptional

Only the most advanced models like GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini

1200-1300
Strong

Approaching leading commercial model quality

1100-1200
Competent

Good performance, many open-source models

1000-1100
Basic

Conversational ability but frequent limitations

The Benchmark Saturation Problem

As top-tier models approach the upper bounds of static benchmarks like MMLU or HumanEval, these tests become less useful for distinguishing new progress. Hugging Face acknowledged this when launching Open LLM Leaderboard v2, noting that "models began to reach baseline human performance on benchmarks like HellaSwag, MMLU, and ARC."

This has led to growing interest in composite and adversarial benchmarks (like MixEval or MMLU-Pro) that introduce novelty and harder reasoning tasks, as well as concerns about data contamination where models may have seen test problems during training.

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Our models are continuously evaluated against these benchmarks. Try FullAI and see the difference.

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